# Sermorelin References: Full Citation List | Doctor Sermorelin

> Full citation list for the Sermorelin research literature — 20 peer-reviewed sources with PubMed URLs, DOIs, and research context. Indexed from the Doctor Sermorelin console.

Every source referenced across this console — peer-reviewed journal articles, FDA regulatory documents, and WADA anti-doping methodology papers. PMIDs and DOIs included.

## References

[1] Thorner M, Rochiccioli P, Colle M, Lanes R, Grunt J, Galazka A, Landy H, Engrand P, Shah S. Once daily subcutaneous growth hormone-releasing hormone therapy accelerates growth in growth hormone-deficient children during the first year of therapy. Geref International Study Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81(3):1189-96. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8772599/
[2] Kirk JM, Trainer PJ, Majrowski WH, Murphy J, Savage MO, Besser GM. Treatment with GHRH(1-29)NH2 in children with idiopathic short stature induces a sustained increase in growth velocity. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1994;41(4):487-93. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7955460/
[3] Wilton P, Chardet Y, Danielson K, Widlund L, Gunnarsson R. Pharmacokinetics of growth hormone-releasing hormone(1-29)-NH2 and stimulation of growth hormone secretion in healthy subjects after intravenous or intranasal administration. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1993;388:10-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8329825/
[4] Soule S, King JA, Millar RP. Incorporation of D-Ala2 in growth hormone-releasing hormone-(1-29)-NH2 increases the half-life and decreases metabolic clearance in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994;79(4):1208-11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7962295/
[5] Vittone J, Blackman MR, Busby-Whitehead J, Tsiao C, Stewart KJ, Tobin J, Stevens T, Dhahbi JM, Barnes WS, Spaulding G, Cottrell E, Bhatt A, Harman SM, Roth GS. Effects of single nightly injections of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH 1-29) in healthy elderly men. Metabolism. 1997;46(1):89-96. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9005976/
[6] Merriam GR, Schwartz RS, Vitiello MV. Treating age-related changes in somatotrophic hormones, sleep, and cognition with growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). Neurobiol Aging. 2011;32(Suppl 1):S54-61. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3181657/
[7] Vitiello MV, Moe KE, Merriam GR, Mazzoni G, Buchner DH, Schwartz RS. Growth hormone releasing hormone improves the cognition of healthy older adults. Neurobiol Aging. 2006;27(2):318-23. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16399214/
[8] Guldner J, Schier T, Friess E, Colla M, Holsboer F, Steiger A. Reduced efficacy of growth hormone-releasing hormone in modulating sleep endocrine activity in the elderly. Neurobiol Aging. 1997;18(5):491-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9390775/
[9] Hulse JA, Rosenthal SM, Cuttler L, Kaplan SL, Grumbach MM. The effect of pulsatile administration, continuous infusion, and diurnal variation on the growth hormone (GH) response to GH-releasing hormone in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986;63(4):872-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3091629/
[10] Hulse JA, Rosenthal SM, Cuttler L, Kaplan SL, Grumbach MM. The effect of pulsatile administration, continuous infusion, and diurnal variation on the growth hormone (GH) response to GH-releasing hormone in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986;63(4):872-8. (tachyphylaxis finding — same study as ref 9) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3091629/
[11] Baker LD, Barsness SM, Borson S, Merriam GR, Friedman SD, Craft S, Vitiello MV. Effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone on cognitive function in adults with mild cognitive impairment and healthy older adults: results of a controlled trial. Arch Neurol. 2012;69(11):1420-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22869065/
[12] Sigalos JT, Pastuszak AW, Allison A, Lipshultz LI. Growth Hormone Secretagogue Treatment in Hypogonadal Men Raises Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels. Am J Mens Health. 2017;11(6):1752-1757. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28830317/
[13] Svensson J, Lall S, Dickson SL, Bengtsson BA, Rømer J, Ahnfelt-Rønne I, Ohlsson C, Jansson JO. The GH secretagogues ipamorelin and GH-releasing peptide-6 increase bone mineral content in adult female rats. J Endocrinol. 2000;165(3):569-77. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10828840/
[14] Giustina A, Veldhuis JD. Growth Hormone and Aging. In: De Groot LJ, Chrousos G, et al., eds. Endotext [Internet]. MDText.com, Inc.; 2014. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279163/
[15] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Determination That GEREF (Sermorelin Acetate) Injection Were Not Withdrawn From Sale for Reasons of Safety or Effectiveness. Federal Register. 2013;78(43):14253-14254. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2013/03/04/2013-04827/determination-that-geref-sermorelin-acetate-injection-05-milligrams-basevial-and-10-milligrams
[16] Memdouh S, Gavrilović I, Ng K, Cowan D, Abbate V. Advances in the detection of growth hormone releasing hormone synthetic analogs. Drug Test Anal. 2021;13(11-12):1871-1887. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34665524/
[17] Dhillon S. Tesamorelin: a growth hormone-releasing factor analogue for HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Drugs. 2011;71(8):1071-91. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22298602/
[18] Sinha DK, Balasubramanian A, Tatem AJ, Rivera-Mirabal J, Yu J, Kovac J, Pastuszak AW, Lipshultz LI. Beyond the androgen receptor: the role of growth hormone secretagogues in the modern management of body composition in hypogonadal males. Transl Androl Urol. 2020;9(Suppl 2):S149-S159. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7108996/
[19] Knoop A, Thomas A, Fichant E, Delahaut P, Schänzer W, Thevis M. Qualitative identification of growth hormone-releasing hormones in human plasma by means of immunoaffinity purification and LC-HRMS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2016;408:3145-3153. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4830873/
[20] Uçaktürk E, Nemutlu E. Analysis of growth hormone releasing hormone and its analogs in urine using nano liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41138283/
[21] Blackman MR. Use of growth hormone secretagogues to prevent or treat the effects of aging: not yet ready for prime time. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149(9):675-676. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18981489/
[22] Granata R, Leone S, Zhang X, Gesmundo I, Steenblock C, Cai R, Sha W, Ghigo E, Hare JM, Bornstein SR, Schally AV. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025;21(2):83-99. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39537825/
[23] Munafo A, Nguyen TX, Papasouliotis O, et al. Polyethylene glycol-conjugated growth hormone-releasing hormone is long acting and stimulates GH in healthy young and elderly subjects. Eur J Endocrinol. 2005;153(3):341-349. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16061831/
[24] Chen RG, Shen YN, Yei J, et al. A comparative study of growth hormone (GH) and GH-releasing hormone(1-29)-NH2 for stimulation of growth in children with GH deficiency. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1993;388:56-60. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8329830/
[25] Khorram O, Laughlin GA, Yen SS. Endocrine and metabolic effects of long-term administration of [Nle27]growth hormone-releasing hormone-(1-29)-NH2 in age-advanced men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82(5):1472-1479. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9141536/
[26] Lanes R, Carrillo E. Long-term therapy with a single daily subcutaneous dose of growth hormone releasing hormone (1-29) in prepubertal growth hormone deficient children. Venezuelan Collaborative Study Group. J Pediatr Endocrinol. 1994;7(4):303-309. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7735367/
[27] Gelander L, Lindstedt G, Selstam G, et al. Effects of acute intravenous injection of two growth hormone-releasing hormones (GHRH 1-40 and 1-29) on serum growth hormone and other pituitary hormones in short children with pulsatile growth hormone secretion. Horm Res. 1989;32(5-6):202-206. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2515143/
[28] Tauber MT, Pienkowski C, Pigeon P, et al. Growth hormone (GH) profiles in response to continuous subcutaneous infusion of GH-releasing hormone(1-29)-NH2 in children with GH deficiency. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1993;388:34-37. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8329829/
[29] Coutinho LFD, DE Oliveira Neves LF, Camilo RP. A new era of doping? Use of peptide and peptide-analog drugs in recreational and professional sport and bodybuilding: a critical review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41880199/
[30] Mendias CL, Awan TM. Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance. Sports Med. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41966639/
[31] Villegas Meza AD, et al. Injectable Peptides in Sports Medicine: A Structured Narrative Review of Evidence, Safety, and Antidoping Implications. JBJS Rev. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42160466/
[32] Prakash A, Goa KL. Sermorelin: a review of its use in the diagnosis and treatment of children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency. BioDrugs. 1999;12(2):139-157. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18031173/
[33] Yuen KC, Biller BM, Molitch ME, Cook DM. Clinical review: Is lack of recombinant growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone in the United States a setback or time to consider glucagon testing for adult GH deficiency? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(8):2702-2707. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19509104/
[34] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Interim Policy on Compounding Using Bulk Drug Substances Under Section 503A of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Guidance for Industry). FDA Guidance for Industry. 2025. https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/interim-policy-compounding-using-bulk-drug-substances-under-section-503a-federal-food-drug-and
[35] Ko FY, Chen WP, Lin CY. Defective response of plasma growth hormone to growth hormone releasing factor in growth hormone deficient children. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi. 1992;33(5):325-332. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1296432/

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Telemetry from the published record. Not a clinic, not a prescription, not a vendor.